This paper reviews the many recent advances at the Center for Ultrafast Optical Science (CUOS) at the University of Michigan in multi-MeV ion beam generation from the interaction of short laser pulses focused onto thin foil targets at intensities ranging from 10 17 to 10 19 W/cm 2.Ion beam characteristics were studied by changing the laser intensity, laser wavelength, target material.

• • • Part of the book series (NAII, volume 72) Abstract The name of the technique takes its origin in 1964 paper of L. Among the earlier closely related approaches, one should mention J. Schwinger [ ] and R. Splinter cell double agent highly compressed pc games. Feynman and F.

Classical counterparts of the Keldysh technique are extremely useful and interesting on their own. I shall mention Wyld diagrammatic technique [ ], which is the basis of the modern theory of turbulence; Martin-Siggia-Rose-DeDominics method [ ] for stochastic systems; and Doi-Peliti technique [, ] for reaction-diffusion systems and cellular automata. Despite the unique power and wide popularity of the technique its pedagogical presentations are rare.

One may find some in books [, ] or in a review [ ]. This lecture is not an alternative for the existing literature. Using the simplest possible example, I try to explain the general structure of the theory, its relation to other approaches, its potential for novel applications and open problems. Technicalities of the numerous practical applications may be found in the literature and left outside the scope of the lecture. I tried hard, however, to mention possible traps and silent points which are rarely exposed explicitly. Cite this chapter as: Kamenev A. (2002) Keldysh and DOI-Peliti Techniques for Out-of-Equilibrium Systems.

In: Lerner I.V., Althsuler B.L., Fal’ko V.I., Giamarchi T. (eds) Strongly Correlated Fermions and Bosons in Low-Dimensional Disordered Systems. NATO Science Series (Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry), vol 72. Springer, Dordrecht • DOI • Publisher Name Springer, Dordrecht • Print ISBN 978-1-4020-0749-1 • Online ISBN 978-94-010-0530-2 • eBook Packages • •.

• 117 Downloads • Abstract This paper reviews the many recent advances at the Center for Ultrafast Optical Science (CUOS) at the University of Michigan in multi-MeV ion beam generation from the interaction of short laser pulses focused onto thin foil targets at intensities ranging from 10 17 to 10 19 W/cm 2. Ion beam characteristics were studied by changing the laser intensity, laser wavelength, target material, and by depositing a well-absorbed coating. We manipulated the proton beam divergence using shaped targets and observed nuclear transformation induced by high-energy protons and deuterons. Qualitative theoretical approaches and fully relativistic two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations modeled energetic ion generation.

Sonnox oxford plugins torrent mac app. Comparison with experiments sheds light on ion energy spectra for multi-species plasma, the dependences of ion-energy on preplasma scale length and solid density plasma thickness, and laser-triggered isotope yield. Theoretical predictions are also made with the aim of studying ion generation for high-power lasers with the energies expected in the near future, and for the relativistic intensity table-top laser, a prototype of which is already in operation at CUOS in the limits of several-cycle pulse duration and a single-wavelength spot size.