Emergency drugs used in anaesthesia • 1. KRISTINA PRADHAN INTERN • EMERGENCY DRUGS ATROPINE ADRENALINE MEPHENTERMINE EPHEDRINE XYLOCARD • ATROPINE  CLASS: ANTICHOLIGERNIC DRUGS.  BACKGROUND: A tertiary amine belladonna alkaloid, has a high affinity for muscarinic receptors. • ATROPINE MOA: binds competitively, preventing acetylcholine from binding to those sites Atropine acts both centrally and peripherally.

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Construction Decide which buttons you want to control which movements (I chose A=Left, B=Right, C=Up, D=Down)) Connect the corresponding pins to the 7-pin DIN plug. Bescor mp 101 manual pdf. (Leave the VT pin on the board, and the speed pin on the DIN plug unconnected) And that's it! Couldn't be simpler. But it can be more complicated, if you want, so I have actually put an arduino microprocessor between the 2272 and the head so that I can do more complicated things in the future (eg programmed panorama stitching). And it needs the same 5v supply that the Bescor head uses, so you don't need an extra battery.

Duration of action: Its general actions last about 4 hours except when placed topically in the eye, where the action may last for days • ORGAN ACTION THERAPEUTIC USE EYE Dilation of. Pupils(MYDRIASIS) Blurring of near vision(CYCLOPLEGIA); Dry eye Ophthalmic: permits the measurement of refractive errors without interference by the accommodative capacity of the eye. Shorter-acting antimuscarinics (cyclopentolante and tropicamide) have largely replaced atropine due to prolonged mydriasis. GASTROINTESTINAL Antispasmodic Gastric motility is reduced, hydrochloric acid production is not significantly affected URINARY BLADDER Reduce hypermotility states of urinary bladder. Occasionally used in enuresis among children. • ORGAN ACTION THERAPEUTIC USE Heart low doses—bradycardia. (due to central activation of vagal efferent outflow-- result from blockade of the M1 receptors on the inhibitory prejunctional (or presynaptic) neurons- - permitting increased acetylcholine release.

Higher doses-- M2 receptors on the SA node are blocked-- and the cardiac rate increases. (requires at least 1 mg of atropine) Bradycardia and partial heart block Secretions Sweat gland; salivary gland; lacrimal gland: Drying effect.

• ATROPINISATION IN OP POISONING • ATROPINISATION - Start with 0.05mg/kg in children 0.6-2mg i.v., repeat 10-25 min. Until atropinisation obtained.; Tachycardia D' s ' Delirium (disorientation) Drowsiness Dilated pupils (The mydriasis along with cyclopegia causes blurring of vision) Dryness of mouth Dry, hot skin • ADVERSE EFFECTS • PREPARATION Available( ampule): 1ml=0.6mg Dose: 0.01-0.02mg/kg Bradyarythmia: 0.04mg/kg Onset: 1-2 min Duration of Action: 20- 30 min(i.v) 2-3 hrs (i.m.) • ADRENALINE Class:Direct acting sympathomimetic drugs.

It interact with both alpha and beta receptors. At low dose, beta effect ( vasodilatation) on vascular system predominant. At high dose, alpha effect (vasoconstriction) are strongest • MODE OF ACTION Increase contractility of myocardium( Inotropic Effect, beta1 action) Increase HR( Choronotropic Effect,beta 1 action) So, Increase In CO leads to Increase BP • ADRENALINE INDICATION ADVERSE EFFECTS CONTRAINDICATION BRONCHOSPASM CNS EFFECTS: ANXIETY, HEADACHE, TENSION, TREMOR. HYPERTHYROIDISM: INCREASED ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR ON VASCULATURE— HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK HEMORRHAGE: MARKED ELEVATION OF BP—CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE COCAINE: PREVENT RE-UPTAKE OF CATECHOLAMINES— LONGER PERIOD OF TIME.